Shih Tzu Breed Guide: Temperament, Care and Health

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

The Shih Tzu was bred for centuries as a palace companion, and it still takes the role seriously. This is a dog whose main job is to be near you, preferably on your lap or underfoot.

Origins and appearance

The breed is linked to Tibet and China, where small, long-coated dogs lived in monasteries and imperial courts. Its name means lion in Chinese. Shih Tzu have a short, broad muzzle, large dark eyes, drooping ears and a plume of hair carried over the back. Colors include gold, white, black, liver and mixtures.

Temperament

Shih Tzu are outgoing, affectionate and usually friendly toward strangers and other animals. They like attention, enjoy lap time and adapt well to apartments and houses alike. Some can be stubborn or sensitive, so harsh correction backfires. They tend to bark moderately, and many are happy to settle after a short walk. Gentle socialization during the first months helps them stay confident.

Exercise

Daily needs are modest: a couple of short walks and some indoor play. Avoid heat, since flat-faced breeds cool poorly. Stop if you hear noisy breathing or see tiring. See dog heatstroke. Use a harness rather than a collar.

Training

They are intelligent but can be independent. Rewards, patience and short lessons work well. House training is a known challenge. Use a schedule, supervise in the house and reward every outdoor success. See how to crate train a puppy. Many Shih Tzu enjoy simple tricks and therapy dog work.

Coat and grooming

The double, long coat tangles easily without regular care. Brush several times a week, down to the skin, and bathe every few weeks. Many owners opt for a short puppy cut every six weeks. See silky coat dog grooming guide. Wipe the face and folds daily, trim hair around the eyes and brush teeth regularly.

Health considerations

Concerns often discussed for the breed include:

• Brachycephalic airway problems, such as narrow nostrils and an elongated palate. See health issues in flat-faced breeds
• Eye issues, including dry eye and corneal ulcers. See dry eye in dogs
• Ear infections from hairy ear canals. See dog ear infections
• Dental crowding
• Hip dysplasia and luxating patella
• Skin allergies. See dog skin allergies
• Kidney problems reported in some lines

Choose breeders who prioritize longer muzzles and open nostrils.

Living with a Shih Tzu

They suit apartments and cooler climates. Keep them cool in summer, protect their eyes from sticks and wind and keep them lean. They usually get along with other pets.

Is it the right breed for you?

A Shih Tzu suits people who want an affectionate, low-exercise companion and do not mind grooming. It may not suit someone wanting an athletic partner or a quiet, low-maintenance coat. Compare with the Pug for another flat-faced companion.

Puppies and the first year

Shih Tzu puppies are playful and sturdy for a toy, but their eyes and breathing need care from day one. Begin brushing, face wiping and nail trimming in the first weeks. Start house training on a strict routine and expect gradual progress, as many take several months to be reliable. Early socialization prevents shyness. See puppy socialization checklist.

Common owner mistakes

Typical mistakes include letting the coat mat, ignoring tear staining and eye irritation, exercising in heat and overfeeding. Some owners clip the face too short, which can irritate skin, so ask a groomer for advice. Ask your vet to check the eyes and breathing at each visit, and keep weight lean to protect the airway and joints.

The takeaway

Shih Tzu are cheerful, easygoing and grooming-heavy, and their flat faces need informed care.