Do Dental Chews Really Work? What the Evidence Says
Dental chews are one of the most heavily marketed products in the pet aisle. Some are genuinely useful, while others are little more than treats. Knowing the difference saves money and protects your dog's teeth.
How chews are meant to work
Dental chews work mainly by mechanical action. As the dog chews, the surface scrapes against the teeth, helping remove soft plaque. Some contain ingredients intended to reduce plaque bacteria or prevent mineral deposits becoming tartar. Their effect is greatest on the back teeth that the dog chews with, and less on the front teeth.
What the evidence shows
The Veterinary Oral Health Council evaluates products on the basis of studies showing reduced plaque or tartar. Chews carrying the VOHC seal have shown benefits in trials. Many products without the seal have no good evidence. See best dog toothpaste and toothbrushes for more on the seal.
Limits of chews
- They do not clean the inner surfaces or the gumline as thoroughly as brushing.
- They do not remove existing tartar.
- Some dogs gulp them without chewing, which reduces effect.
- They do not treat gum disease or infection.
See how to brush a dog's teeth.
Choosing safely
- Size. Choose a chew suited to your dog's weight, big enough not to be swallowed whole.
- Hardness. Avoid very hard items such as bones, antlers and hard nylon unless approved by your vet, since they can fracture teeth. A good rule is that the chew should give a little under pressure.
- Ingredients. Check for allergens and artificial additives, especially if your dog has food sensitivities. See feeding a dog with food allergies.
- Calories. Dental chews can be calorie dense. Count them in the daily total. See how to read a dog food label.
Supervise
Always watch your dog chewing and remove small pieces to prevent choking or intestinal blockage. Throw away the last small piece.
Who benefits most
Dogs prone to plaque, small breeds with crowded teeth and dogs that refuse brushing may benefit. Dogs with dental pain or loose teeth should avoid chews until examined.
Combining approaches
The best plan combines daily brushing, a VOHC-approved chew or diet where appropriate and regular veterinary dental checks. See dog bad breath daily routine.
Warning signs
If your dog avoids chewing, drops food, drools, has red gums or very bad breath, see your vet. See dental disease in dogs.
What a good chew looks like
A suitable chew is a size your dog cannot swallow whole, with a texture that gives a little when you press a thumbnail into it. It should keep your dog chewing for several minutes, rather than disappearing in a few bites. Check the label for guaranteed analysis, calories per chew and the recommended weight range. Avoid chews with long ingredient lists of additives you do not recognize.
Dogs who should avoid chews
Dogs with a history of gastrointestinal blockages, pancreatitis, food allergies or dental fractures may need a different approach. Puppies with erupting teeth need softer chews. Dogs on a weight-loss plan need low-calorie options. When in doubt, ask your vet which product is appropriate, and bring the package to the appointment.
Alternatives that clean teeth
Some veterinary dental diets use a kibble shape and fiber structure designed to scrub teeth as the dog chews. Others add ingredients that reduce tartar formation. Ask your vet whether a dental diet makes sense for your dog.
The takeaway
Dental chews can help, especially VOHC-approved ones, but they work best alongside brushing and professional care.
Frequently asked questions
Can chews replace brushing?
No. Brushing is more effective at cleaning all tooth surfaces.
Are all dental chews effective?
No. Look for the VOHC seal for evidence.
Are hard chews safe?
Very hard items can fracture teeth, so choose products that bend slightly or that your vet recommends.
How often can I give one?
As directed on the label, usually daily, within calorie limits.